![]() ![]() ![]() 13, 14 The hazards of childbirth might also be increased in areas of conflict, because basic services, such as facilities for safe labour and delivery that reduce the mortality from post-partum haemorrhage or stalled labour, might not be accessible. In DR Congo, where chronic conflict was implicated as a reason for the 40% higher crude mortality relative to the regional average, women are raped and used as weapons of war. The lives of women of childbearing age might be endangered in areas of armed conflict for several reasons. We estimated that the number of children under 1 year and under 5 years whose deaths can be attributed to armed conflict was three to five times greater than the number of people that died through direct involvement in armed conflicts across Africa between 19. 6, 7, 8 Attempts to quantify a more complete picture of mortality due to conflict, including those in Iraq and South Sudan, suggest that the total number of deaths attributable to armed conflicts typically far exceed the estimates of direct conflict deaths. ![]() However, the toll of armed conflicts on vulnerable populations-excess mortality and morbidity from non-violent causes-is often not shown in battlefield images and underappreciated in body counts. 2, 5 The direct consequences of armed conflict are readily visible and include destruction of physical environments, injuries, and deaths of combatants and uninvolved civilians. 1, 2, 3 Contrary to claims that wars, including armed conflicts, have been steadily receding since the mid 1940s, 4 there is little evidence of a decline in the number of conflicts, the number of countries involved in conflict, or the proportion of the world's population living in conflict-affected regions since 1990. Between 40 and 68 countries, home to 46–79% of the world's population, were involved in armed conflict in every year since 1990. ![]()
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